The transformation of post-industrial regions toward sustainable, low-emission economies hinges on one critical factor: energy security. This theme, explored during a high-level panel discussion at the last edition of the Warsaw Security Forum, highlighted the need to transition from coal and other high-emission energy sources to cleaner alternatives such as renewable and nuclear energy. Achieving this shift will require not only technological innovation but also strategic planning, international cooperation, and robust regulatory frameworks.

Transitioning energy systems is “a race against time”, as noted by Reka Szemerkenyi (Senior Advisor at the Equilibrium Institute) who emphasized that the stakes are high for society at large. This urgency underscores the need for collaborative action, innovative solutions, and a shared commitment to a more resilient and sustainable future. Such engagement will be critical in ensuring that social, economic, and environmental impacts are managed fairly and inclusively, laying the groundwork for systemic changes toward a zero-emission economy.

A central challenge lies also in modernizing outdated regulatory frameworks that slow down the deployment of clean energy infrastructure. This is particularly urgent given the pressing need to diversify energy portfolios, incorporating advanced technologies like hydrogen and carbon capture and storage. These tools, alongside nuclear energy, can support decarbonization while maintaining energy stability in regions heavily reliant on traditional industries.

The panelists consistently stressed that energy security and geopolitical considerations must remain at the forefront of these efforts. Daniel Poneman (US Deputy Secretary of Energy (2009-2014)) reflected on the historical context of U.S. energy independence, built after the shock of the 1973 oil crisis, to illustrate the long- term benefits of strategic resilience. Lessons from the past can guide policymakers in avoiding over-reliance on external powers, diversifying energy sources and fostering domestic energy capabilities.

Building international alliances is equally vital in navigating the geopolitical tensions that influence global energy markets. Recent proposals such as a "Marshall Plan for Clean Energy" aim to foster transatlantic cooperation in developing clean energy technologies and securing investments. As Josh Freed (Senior Vice President for Climate & Energy at Third Way, USA) pointed out the need to arrive at a trade deal around steel and aluminum to create resilient partnerships between the USA and Europe. That can not only help to accelerate the green transition but also take into consideration that there is a common security interest against the threat of China and Russia.

The economic benefits of such collaboration were underscored by Georg Zachmann, (Senior Fellow at Bruegel) who highlighted Europe’s potential to remain competitive through the strategic integration of renewable energy resources. It is based on the assumption that there is an abundance of cheap renewable resources available. Getting some of the energy-intensive parts of the value chain would enable Europe to stay sovereign, to stay independent of imports from other parts of the world. By embracing the gravitational pull of economic transformation and supporting this transition, Europe could sustain its industrial clusters while fostering innovation and growth.

However, achieving this vision requires significant investment, and a predictable environment for private capital is essential. Countries like Poland, which are modernizing their energy systems, must offer stability to attract funding for transformative projects. Legal and regulatory reforms will also play a pivotal role, enabling swift progress while avoiding conflicts over subsidies, trade policies, or environmental compliance. Environmental regulations, in particular, will ensure that the transition respects sustainability goals and aligns with international standards. Ultimately, the transition to sustainable energy systems in post-industrial regions is not just a technical challenge but a societal imperative. It demands a collective effort involving governments, industries, and communities. A just transition must ensure that the benefits and burdens of this transformation are shared equitably, with a strong emphasis on engaging all stakeholders.

This article was created as part of the project Energy Security as the Basis for Just Transition in Post-industrial Areas. Countering Disinformation — Warsaw Security Forum 2024, implemented in partnership with the Central European Initiative.